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Robert Scott Expedition Team’s 100-year Old Notebook Found Trapped in Antarctic Ice

October 25, 2014 By Germaine Hicks Leave a Comment

george-murray-levicks-photography-notebook

Robert Scott, a British explorer who died with his companions due to starvation, exhaustion and the awfully cold weather on his 2nd expedition to the Antarctic. However, after 100 years of his death, a relic from his ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition of 1910-1913 has appeared.

New Zealand’s Antarctic Heritage Trust, said in a statement released on 20th Oct that a Scott’s notebook was found trapped in ice in a hut.

After examining the texts written on the notebook’s opening pages, the researchers discovered that it was owned by George Murray Levick, a zoologist, surgeon and photographer who was part of Scott’s 1910-1913 journeys to the Antarctic and one of the six members of the expedition’s Northern Party.

The Terra Nova expedition split into two groups after reaching the Antarctic. Scott’s party reached the South Pole on 17th Jan, 1912.

In contrast, Levick’s group, journeyed along the coast conducting scientific observations. However, Pack ice prevented their ship from picking them up so Levick along with the other members of their group overwintered in an ice cave on Inexpressible Island. Unlike Scott and his contingent, Levick’s group survived eating local wildlife such as seals and penguins.

“Wellcome Photographic Exposure Record and Dairy 1910”, Levick’s newly discovered photography notebook was left behind at the 1911 Terra Nova base at Cape Evans, where it was found outside of a hut by the Trust’s conservationist specialists during last year’s summer melt after being hidden for more than a century.

The notebook contains entries, which provide details of the photographs that Levick had taken in 1911 at Cape Adare such as the dates they were taken, the subjects and exposure details. The Trust said that the entries were written before the group had to compete with harsh weather conditions and got marooned on ineffable Island.

Antarctic Heritage Trust Executive Director Nigel Watson stated, “It’s an exhilarating find. The notebook is a missing part of the official expedition record. After spending 7 years conserving Scott’s last expedition building and collection, we are delighted to still be finding new relics.”

A century’s worth of damage from ice and water has dissolved the bindings of Levick’s notebook. The Trust said that the pages were separated and digitized before the notebook was repaired and sewn back with new binding and sent to Antarctica.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 1910, 1913, Antarctic, Antarctic Heritage Trust, Expedition, journey, Levick, Nigel Watson, Notebook, Robert Scott, Terra Nova Expedition, Wellcome Photographic Exposure Record and Dairy 1910

NASA: Antarctic Sea Ice Region Hit The Record

September 19, 2014 By Deborah Nielsen 13 Comments

 

antarctica-sea-ice-region

Despite frequent headlines about a warming planet, melting sea ice, and rising oceans, climate analysts pointed to a seeming bright spot this week: During Southern Hemisphere winters, sea ice in the Antarctic, the floating chunks of frozen ocean water, is actually increasing.

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In fact, in late September, satellite data indicated that Antarctica was surrounded by the greatest area of sea ice ever recorded in the region: 7.51 million square miles (19.44 million square kilometers), the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center announced Thursday. Even so, it’s a slow rate of growth—about one percent over last year—not nearly enough to offset melting in the Arctic, which broke records just weeks ago.

National Geographic asked Eric Rignot, a NASA researcher and earth systems professor at UC Irvine, whether the data is good news, and what it means for the rise of global sea levels, which are fueled by melting ice.

This Antarctic record seems counter to what we often hear about sea ice shrinking. How can we explain growing sea ice?

If the world was warming up uniformly, you would expect the sea ice cover to decrease in the Antarctic, but it’s not. The reason for that is because the Antarctic is cooler than the rest of the world. It’s warming up as well but not as fast as other places.

So you have the warming world and a cold Antarctica, and the difference between the two is increasing. That makes the winds around Antarctica move a little bit faster. There’s also a difference that comes from the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere in the Antarctic, which makes the stratosphere colder.

That’s the leading explanation for what we’re seeing in the Antarctic, but you have to acknowledge that the effect is very small.

How does this news relate to other studies showing that the melting of Antarctic continental ice is contributing to a rise in sea level?

[Growing sea ice] has no effect whatsoever on sea level, because sea ice is already floating on the ocean. It does not displace sea level. It’s frozen seawater, so whether it’s frozen or liquid, it doesn’t change the sea level.

While Arctic sea ice is decreasing, the Antarctic is now slightly increasing. Why is there so much variation between Arctic and Antarctic ice?

Well we have a continent on the South Pole. On the North Pole we have nothing but ocean. In the Arctic you see full-fledged warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, plus increased ice transport [out of the region, which removes cold air and water]. So all of these effects contribute to reduce the sea ice cover in the Arctic.

In the Antarctic, you have to think of it as its own climate system. It’s a big continent isolated from the rest of the world. It has ocean all around it. It has wind regimes that blow clockwise around it and isolate it. It acts differently from the Arctic, which is completely connected to the rest of the North Hemisphere.

Considering we regularly hear about the planet’s stressed climate system, is this good news?

Really, it’s consistent with our understanding of a warming world. Some of the regional details are not something we can easily predict. But the general trends of decay of the sea ice cover and decay of the Greenland ice sheets and ice caps is in line with what we expect.

The Antarctic has not been warming up as fast as the models thought. It’s warming up, but slower. So it’s all consistent with a warming planet.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 20mn sq-km, Antarctic, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Antarctic Sea Ice Region, Climate Change, Dr Leiser, Hobart, Ice Region, Jan Leiser, nasa, record, Sea Ice Region

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