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New Satellite Snapshots Exposed Thousands Of Underwater Volcanoes of Ocean

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According to the recent reports revealed, Scientists have developed a novel map of the entire world’s seafloor, displaying a brighter image of the compositions that actually formed the cordial, least explored parts of the ocean. The study was published in the ‘Science’ journal.

The achievement was based on accessing 2 intact streams of satellite data, researchers claimed.

Novel map shows hundreds of unexplored mountains that are growing from the seafloor, named as seamounts. These seamounts are eventually appeared in the map, along with the novel hints of continents formation. The scientists have merged the existing data with the enhanced remote sensing instruments, which helps them to explore ocean expanding centers and small studies remote ocean basins.

In the meantime, the researchers mapped the earthquakes too and found that the seamounts and the earthquakes are connected often. These seamounts are once volcanoes and that is why researchers generally discovered nearby tectonically active plate boundaries, mid-ocean ridges and sub-ducting zones.

The novel map is as authentic as the previous one developed 20 years ago, researchers from California’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) stated.

Don Rice, program director in the National Science Foundation’s Division of Ocean Sciences, which funded the research, said that, “the team of researched have developed a powerful tool in order to explore the regional seafloor and geophysical processes.”

The map, which was developed by using a scientific model in order to capture the gravity measurements of the ocean seafloor, also extracts data from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) CryoSat-2 satellite.

David Sandwell, lead author of the paper and geophysicist at SIO stated that, “Things you could see very clearly are the most common landform on the planet, named as abyssal hills.”

Furthermore the researchers said that, the map offers a window within the tectonics of deep oceans. Alternatively, this map also offers a base for the upcoming Google’s ocean maps version. Researchers believed that it would cover large voids between shipboard depth profiles.

In earlier times, undetected features include newly exposed continental connections across South America and Africa and new evidence for seafloor spreading ridges in the Gulf of Mexico. The ridges were active 150 million years ago and are now buried by mile-thick layers of sediment.

Monarch Butterflies Migrated Long Distances Like Marathoners

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Monarch butterflies can be found throughout the world, although only in North America they make a magnificent mass migration. The researcher have sequenced 90 butterfly genomes, and discovered that there is only one gene which is responsible for the capability of butterflies to migrate long distances like marathoners. The study findings propose that the monarch butterflies are evolved with more efficient muscles that help them to fly so far.

A recent genetic analysis published this week in the Nature journal stating that the intimates of the contemporary monarchs initially dispersed out North America, instead of central or South America, as formerly believed.

However, Marcus Kronforst, University of Chicago’s biologist confesses that he along with his fellow colleagues firstly discovered evolutionary proofs hard to accept. He stated in his interview with BBC News, “It really took lots of convincing,” though, the findings portray how genetics could elaborate the origins of a species’ traits on a level far more fundamental than, say, Rudyard Kipling’s “Just So Stories,” said the University of Exeter’s Richard H. ffrench-Constant.

H. ffrench-Constant (not involved in the project), stated in a Nature journal; “Butterflies are leading a revival in our understanding of the molecular basis of natural selection.”

Different patterns of alteration in genomes are analyzed by researchers to conclude that North American butterflies are nearby to their ancestral roots of evolutionary tree.

The researchers assumed that, the travelling Monarchs originated in Central or South America, and established themselves in North America. But the latest proof indicates that, the species got its start in Southern United States or Mexico, perhaps 1 million to 2 million years ago, said by Kronforst.

The butterflies most likely to followed a short range traveling pattern. The researchers says that, North American population began to expand about 20,000 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when butterflies could more readily spread on milkweed crowd plants in the American Midwest.

One Gene Gives Monarch Butterflies the Power to Migrate: Researchers Revealed!

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butterfly

The researcher have sequenced 101 butterfly genes, and discovered that there is only one gene which is responsible for the butterflies to immigrate long distances. The study findings propose that the monarch butterflies are actually evolved with more efficient muscles that help them to fly so far.

A recent genetic analysis published this week in the Nature journal, having some unanticipated twists. First thing, it seems as the intimates of the contemporary monarchs initially dispersed out North America, instead of central or South America, as formerly believed. Secondly, only one gene seems to play a vital role in giving monarchs their prominent coloration.

However, Marcus Kronforst, University of Chicago’s biologist confesses that he along with his fellow colleagues firstly discovered evolutionary proofs hard to accept. He stated in his interview with BBC News, “It really took lots of convincing,” though, the findings portray how genetics could elaborate the origins of a species’ traits on a level far more fundamental than, say, Rudyard Kipling’s “Just So Stories,” said the University of Exeter’s Richard H. ffrench-Constant.

H. ffrench-Constant (not involved in the project), stated in a Nature journal; “Butterflies are leading a revival in our understanding of the molecular basis of natural selection.”

From Where Monarch got its Start?

The different patterns of alteration in genomes are analyzed by researchers to conclude that North American butterflies are nearby to their ancestral roots of evolutionary tree.

The researchers assumed that, the travelling Monarchs originated in Central or South America, and established themselves in North America. But the latest proof indicates that the species got its start in southern United States or Mexico, perhaps 1mn to 2mn years ago said by Kronforst.

The butterflies most likely to followed a short range traveling pattern. The researchers says that, North American population began to expand about 20,000 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when butterflies could more readily spread on milkweed crowd plants in the American Midwest.

Monarch Spots

The other big inherited finding related to Monarch butterfly is distinctive orange and black spotted wings. But, in Hawaii some monarchs lack that pattern, and they have white wings. When genetic differences are analyzed by researchers, between two varieties, they found a myosin gene called DPOGS206617 which was strongly linked with wing color.

This gene is similar to a myosin gene which plays a key role in the color of a mouse’s furry coat. An alteration in that gene leads to mice with less pigment, and according to latest study the researchers says that, the butterfly’s myosin gene may play a similar role in transporting pigment to the wings. The migrating monarch butterflies are facing a shocking decline, due to factors ranging from deforestation and lack of a severe decline in the Midwest’s milkweed.

This genetic analysis did not put forward any new strategies for saving the monarchs, but it could highlight the importance of protecting an iconic species whose way of life goes back millions of years said by Kronforst.

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