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Robotic Rattlesnake Learns Coverts of Sidewinders

October 10, 2014 By Brian Galloway Leave a Comment

snake

Recently, the U.S. researchers have portrayed for the first time how ‘sidewinder’ rattlesnakes shin up sand mounds, with the help of a robot.

The researchers observed snakes on an artificial mound, finding that the snakes often flatten themselves on the steeper slopes to increase their contact with the sand.

Moreover, the researchers tested the new insights with the help of a robotic snake and described the best strategy for the snakes that how to balance the sandy slope without slipping.

This study is published in the ‘Science’ Magazine.

The researchers explained that, unhinged, grainy surfaces such as sand mounds cause a scrupulous problem for animals and robots trying to traverse them.

Sand Strategy

Dr Daniel Goldman, senior author, who runs a biomechanics lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology stated, “We actually hypothesized the way snakes could climb will be by digging out their bodies deep into sand, the same as we would do on a sandy slope.”

However, that’s not what he and his colleagues found, but as they painted reflective markers vigilantly on to 6 noxious rattlesnakes and put them in tilting sand, which they call home.

Dr. Goldman told BBC, “The most striking thing for us was how nice these animals are as subjects, they lean to just sidewind on command.”

Another surprise, captured by our high-resolution video cameras was that rather than digging in for extra purchase, these rattlesnakes trampled themselves smoothly against the sandy surface, every time we skewed the ‘mound’ more orderly.

In addition, these are just sidewinding rattlesnake also known as ‘Crotalus Cerastes’ that used this strategy. The researchers also put 13 other species of pit viper with the same challenge, tried other squirming techniques and got nowhere, with the exemption of one: a stippled rattlesnake that inched its way very slowly up the incline using a concertina motion.

Furthermore, Dr. Goldman said, “sidewinders can ascend any sand mound we threw at them.”

Dr. Goldman and his colleagues also contacted robotics engineers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in order to test out their results in detail.

Elizabeth, a robot, which had failed in Egypt, slipping and falling on a steep slope in an archaeological site.

So, the robotic engineers took Elizabeth to the artificial mound that Dr. Goldman and his team had built in a shed out back of Atlanta Zoo in order to see what they could learn. Not surprisingly, the robot’s performance improved.

Andrew Graham, who is the technical director at Bristol Company (OC Robotics), particularly specializes in snake like robots. He stated that, though the Carnegie Mellon team was quite famous for their sidewinding designs, the novel study was a thorough examination of the efficacy of the process.

He further told BBC News, “They have looked deeply into the entire matter, end to end, and illustrated the application of what they have observed in nature to a robotic model.”

He added that these new rattlesnake insights would possibly help Prof Choset’s robots to become more effective and applicable to distinctive environments.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: Andrew Graham, Atlanta Zoo, Dr Daniel Goldman, egypt, Elizabeth, Georgia Institute of Technology, OC Robotics, rattlesnake, Robot, Science magazine, sidewinder

Dinosaur Predator Larger than T-Rex Discovered- It Sought in Water

September 14, 2014 By Germaine Hicks 1 Comment

Dinosaur-Predator-Larger-than-T-Rex-Discovered

It has been discovered in the desert cliffs of Sahara, a meat-eating dinosaur bigger than T-Rex, with 7-foot spines on its back, was a marine back then. Paleontologists says, Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, is believed not just the largest dinosaur marauder know to date; it’s also the earliest known swimmer amongst the meat-eating pack.

The scientists revealed the discovery of new fossil remains in Moroccan the desert cliffs of Morocco, on Thursday. Even though the species had first been observed almost a century ago, these remains were in far better condition and have altered the archetype for how dinosaur predators gazed and acted.

According to the study, the Spinosaurus also is the only known genuine dinosaur modified for a water-loving, semi-aquatic lifestyle, the study found and15 meters, roughly 2.5 meters longer than your average Tyrannosaurus Rex.

In the meanwhile, other marine predators you are possibly thinking about, such as plesiosauruses, were reptiles, not dinosaurs.

Spinosaurus was also the only known 4-footed dinosaur predator, living 95-million years ago in the Cretaceous. Its peers, like T. Rex, Allosaurus and Giganotosaurus, stood erect on their hind legs.

On the other hand, this ogre walked on 4 short legs rather like a monster daschund. The paleontologists claimed that it had a front-heavy build, a stretchy tail and dreary hind feet that may perhaps have been webbed and used for paddling. The scientists further claims, it has elongated jaws and conical teeth that were perfect for trapping slippery fish.

This Dinosaur has topped with a sail-like structure of bony spines 7 feet tall, connected by skin. The spiny rack would have stuck out of the water as Spinosaurus waded and swam after prey, most probably sharks, car-size fish and crocodilians, which it could trap with its sickle-like claws.

A Blast Puffs Up the Remnants

The University of Chicago paleontologist Nizar Ibrahim, who guided the study published in the journal Science said, “The animal is unlike any other predatory dinosaur. There’s no blueprint for it. There’s no modern-day equivalent for it. It’s looking at a completely new kind of animal.”

For the moment, the Spinosaurus frightens a huge North African river system from Morocco to Egypt. Ibrahim said, it might not have been nimble on land, but could have taken down other dinosaurs too.

German paleontologist Ernst Stromer stated, Spinosaurus’s subsistence has been known for a century since fragmentary remains were found in Egypt. However those were shattered in a British bombing raid on Munich in 1944. Other limited remains proposed sheer glimpses of its anatomy.

Nevertheless, the myth of Spinosaurus had begun. It was featured in the 2001 movie “Jurassic Park III” conquering a T. Rex.

‘Mystery Man with Mustache’

The whole thing changed when a local fossil seeker revealed a partial skeleton in southeastern Morocco in 2008 near the Sahara oasis town of Erfoud. United with fossils detained in different museums and drawings of Stromer’s finds, an exact reconstruction of Spinosaurus lastly developed.

The grudging scientists of vital information stated, nothing was simple. The remains found by the fossil hunter were feisty out of Morocco.

They required to place the hunter but did not know his individuality further than being “the mystery man with the mustache.” He was lastly found in 2013 and led the scientists to the quarry site. A lot of fossils were excavated up there and the lost partial skeleton twisted up in the basement of a Milan museum.

With the help of CT scans, the scientists’ study the structure of the bones, and created a digital skeleton model and fashioned a life-size 3-D skeleton replica which is nowadays showed at Washington’s National Geographic Museum.

“The most dangerous place in the history of our planet,” Ibrahim explained Spinosaurus’s environment.

Undoubtedly, it was the sovereign of river swarming with sharks and 36-foot crocodiles, Ibrahim further added. Flying reptiles with wingspans of 23 feet flown overhead. On land, the 40-foot dinosaur predator Carcharodontosaurus was on the stalk.

Its fossils exposed distinctive adaptations for life typically in the water. Its strange body plan with a comparatively small pelvis and short hind legs reminds you of mammalian whale ancestors that emerged 45 million years later.

The scientists said, it has tiny nostrils on the center of the skull allowed it to breathe when part of the head was flooded. Opaque bones missing core cavities of other predatory dinosaurs assisted manage resilience. Influential, long-boned feet with long, flat claws were most likely used for paddling. Its stretchy tail possibly will have been used for swimming like in a crocodile.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 36-foot crocodiles, Allosaurus, bony spines 7 feet tall, Carcharodontosaurus, Cretaceous, desert cliffs, Dinosaur Predator, egypt, Erfoud, Ernst Stromer, Giganotosaurus, Jurassic Park III, monster daschund, morocco, Nizar Ibrahim, paleontologists, plesiosauruses, Remnants, Sahara, semi-aquatic lifestyle, Spinosaurus, Stromer, T-Rex, Tyrannosaurus Rex, United with fossils, University of Chicago, water, water-loving

Nomad Found Fossils: Helped Solve the Mystery of the Swimming Spinosaurus

September 12, 2014 By Germaine Hicks Leave a Comment

Swimming-Spinosaurus

Scientists declared on Thursday, 11th of September that the detection in Moroccan desert cliffs of the new fossil remains of Spinosaurus, a 15-meter long.

The latest incomplete skeleton is of a Spinosaurus not fully grown, about 36 feet long and its forelimbs were huge and strong, with scythe like claws; its hind legs were undersized, with paddle-shaped feet after concluding of this fossil they found that Spinosaurus was the single recognized dinosaur adapted to living almost completely in the water.

New fossils of the gigantic Cretaceous-era predator indicated the facts that this Spinosaurus adjusted to life in the water some 95 million years ago, providing the most convincing evidence to date of a dinosaur capable to live and hunt in an aquatic environment.

Spinosaurus had been interesting anonymous specie for a long time. The oldest fossil of the dinosaur, found in Egypt a century ago and shifted to a German museum, was demolished during World War II, and left just only some drawings for paleontologists to consider and research.

The paleontologists found even more bones and soon they realized that same general feature in aquatic animals such as these bones were very bizarre indeed and the interlocking, a crocodile like teeth, ideal for catching swimming prey; the nostrils in the middle of the snout, high on the head; small hind limbs, the flat paddle like feet and the bendable rudder like tail. The bones were very dense, without the empty modularly cavity, these bones are only found in marine animals.

The animal we are restoring is so weird, it’s unlike any other dinosaur I have ever seen and working on this animal was like studying an alien from outer space that it is going to force dinosaur experts to change many things they thought they knew about dinosaurs,” said Nizar Ibrahim, who led the latest research of Spinosaurus.

They also used past records and figures from the first reported Spinosaurus detection in Egypt more than 100 years ago. Above all these features were created panic in Ibrahim and his colleagues that Spinosaurus is an aquatic species.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: alien, egypt, fossils, moraccon, mystery, Nizar Ibrahim, nomad, paleontologists, Spinosaurus, swimming

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