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Scientists Sequenced A 45000-Year-Old Man’s Genome

October 23, 2014 By Rebecca McGhee Leave a Comment

45000-year-old-man's-genome-sequenced

The DNA of a 45000 year old bone of a Siberian man has been recently examined by the researchers to find out when human and Neanderthals first interbred. On record, this is an oldest genome sequence of Homo sapiens exposing a mysterious population that may once have spanned northern Asia. The study is published in the Nature journal.

The oldest human genome also revealed that the closest extinct relatives of the modern humans were the Neanderthals who lived in Europe and Asia and vanished around 40,000 years ago. The Neanderthals interbred with ancestors of modern humans when modern humans began spreading out of Africa and today 1.5 to 2.1 percent of the DNA of anyone living outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin, study reveals.

“It remains vague when interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans happened. But it probably ranged between 37000 to 86000 years ago,” researchers stated.

The researchers examined the bone (human left femur), discovered by Nikolai Peristov, an artist and mammoth ivory collector on the left bank of the river Irtysh near the settlement of Ust’-Ishim in western Siberia in 2008. The age of the man’s bone to be is about 45,000 years old, researchers stated.

Janet Kelso, co-author of the study and a computational biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, told Live Science, “This is the earliest directly dated modern human outside of Africa and the Middle East, and the oldest modern human [genome] to have been sequenced.”

Formerly, the researchers had proposed modern humans firstly populated Asia by traveling towards southern, coastal route that gave rise to the present-day people of Oceania, while a later, more northern migration, gave rise to mainland Asians. Kelson stated, “the researchers’ evidence for the modern human presence in Siberia 45,000 years ago specifies that the early modern humans were not just migrated to Eurasia through a southern route as previously suggested.”

The researchers further examined the carbon and nitrogen isotopes present in the man’s bone proposes that he ate C3 plants, which rule cooler, wetter, cloudier regions such as garlic, eggplants, pears, beans and wheat as well as animals that also dined on C3 plants. Though, the study analysis reveals that he might have eaten aquatic foods like fresh water fish.

The DNA analysis of mans’s bone revealed that the he was closely related to present-day Asians and to early Europeans. “From this we conclude that the population to which the Ust’-Ishim individual belonged diverged from the ancestors of present-day Europeans and Asians before, or at around the same time as, these groups diverged from one another,” Kelso said.

The researchers believed that 45,000 years old man carried a similar level of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians and the Neanderthal genes moved into the ancestors of this man 7,000 to 13,000 years before he lived.

The results of the study propose that modern humans and Neanderthals interbred around 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, “which is close to the time of the major expansion of modern humans out of Africa and the Middle East,” Kelso added.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: 13000, 45000 years old man, 50000, 60000, 7000, Africa, Asians, bone, C3 plants, DNA, Eurasia, Europeans, Genes, genome, Germany, Homo sapiens, Janet Kelso, Max Planck, middle east, Nikolai Peristov, Siberia

A Twisted Tale of Europeans Genetic History

September 18, 2014 By Germaine Hicks Leave a Comment

tale-of-european-genetic-history

Earliest folks of Siberia have been associated with the primary humans in order to penetrate the actual Americas in the Ice Age too mixed with ancient populations of European countries and has left out their sign on the DNA of current Europeans, analysts told this Wednesday.

This research is recently published in ‘Nature’ (journal), seems to be the most current to utilize innovative genetic methods in order to elucidate the origin of current populace.

Specialist researches have concluded that today’s Europeans originated via a couple of groups of folks.

The very first were medieval hunter-gatherers belonged to Western European countries whom resided on the region as they were primarily occupied by species greater than 40,000 years back. The second were farmers whom moved in to European countries from occupying parts of Syria, Turkey and Iraq almost 7,000 years back.

However, the recent research disclosed the functions of hunter-gatherers from the county of Siberia whom the analysts termed as ancient northern Eurasians.

Moreover, researchers stringed the genomes of a farmer, who resided in Germany almost 7,000 years back along with the 8 hunter-gatherers who resided in Luxembourg and Sweden almost 8,000 years back. In contrast these results along with the genomes of 2,345 folks residing currently to decode European origins.

The results of the researchers depicts that the American ancestry were more technical as compared to the ones we earlier expected, mentioned Iosif Lazaridis, post-doctoral research guy from Harvard Medical School.

It is believed that the Europeans who will be typically thought one community these days have some sort of intricate historical past with minimum of 3-groups admixing in various dimensions in their historical past, Lazaridis further added.

Virtually all Europeans were found to possess origins connected to all 3 historical groups. The historical northern Eurasians added as much as 20% of the genes of Europeans, though this is quite a small segment amongst the 3 inherited groups.

Inhabitants residing in North European countries, particularly Baltic States, have the highest ratio of Western European hunter-gatherer origins, along with the 50% of the DNA connected with Lithuanians originating from the particular community.

Southern Europeans contains genetic origins from historical farmers, amid as 90% of the DNA with Sardinians looking back to these early European migrants.

The farmers originated from Near Eastern side delivered fresh abilities to European countries, taming creatures such as pigs along with cows; rising crops including all kinds of wheat, barley, peas, and lentils amongst obsidian sickles for reap.

Some other analysts such as Johannes Krause, a geneticist at the University of Tübingen along with his co-director, Max Planck Institute for History and the Sciences in Germany, mentioned the actual historical Northern Eurasians “tie all European with local Americans.”

The studies present that they not only mixed with primitive Europeans though were associated with folks whom tramped about 15,000 years back crosswise the freezing region bridge which once allied Siberia and Alaska and scatter into Americas. — Reuters.

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: Europeans, Europeans Genetic, Europeans Genetic History, Twisted Tale

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