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Ancient Russian Skeleton Uncovered- Report Says

November 7, 2014 By Brian Galloway Leave a Comment

Researchers extracted DNA from a man who lives approximately 37,000 years ago in Russia. The DNA offered some really significant information regarding the genetic history of Europeans.

The most important thing that DNA reveals is the early interbreeding of man with the Neanderthals. Neanderthals lived in Europe nearly 54,000 years ago.

Experts make use of the DNA from the left tibia of that man in order to classify the genome of the most ancient man of Europe.

The scientists named that man “Kostenki”. Kostenki is the name of a Russian village from where the skeleton was discovered around 60 years ago. It makes easier for scientists to figure out when Homo sapiens and Neanderthals interbreed.

Moreover, it offers a few evidence of interaction between people of Middle East and European hunter gathers. This proof indicates towards the exact time when man lived in Kostenki village that is 36,200 to 38,700 years ago.

Till that time the people of western Eurasia broke up with the people of East Asia. Afterwards they left for different continents, as per the reports of genetic makeup.

This study permits experts to solve the mystery if modern human populations. This skeleton is the second oldest genome ever found of the modern man.

Ramus Nielsen, Professor of computational biology stated that scientists are aware of the fact that this individual is connected to modern Europeans. They also know that a large number of genetic structures of Europe are associated with the time period of this skeleton.

Oldest Human Genome- 45,000 Year Old Neanderthals Femur Bone

October 24, 2014 By Jason Leathers Leave a Comment

A thigh bone nearly 45,000 years old brings up several unanswered questions in the researchers’ minds. It compels experts to think the degree of intimation between modern man and Stone Age ancestors.

The leg bone was discovered from the banks of the Irtysh River of Siberia in 2008. A Russian artist accidently got hold of the oldest bone of the human species that passed it to a native paleontologist. After several months paleontologist l supplied it to another group in Leipzig.

It amazed researchers to know the original age of the bone. The DNA informed that the man is approximately 43,000 to 47,000 years old. Bence Viola, co-author of the study reported that the bone was so pretty fossilized.

Moreover, the bone pointed out numerous things related to the interaction of Neanderthals with Africans and other people. It indicated the time period at which modern humans and Neanderthals first matted.

The most interesting thing is that the bone contains nearly two percent of the genome of Neanderthals. The ratio is almost similar to the amount of genome found in modern Africans.

Live Science stated that Neanderthals DNA piece means that the H.sapiens started matting with Neanderthals almost 50,000 to 60,000 years ago.

However, the connection between this pre-historic species and modern man are still in the dark. Merely the human migration of Africa to Eurasia supports the relationship of the two species. Eurasia came across Neanderthals nearly 60,000 years ago. The two groups matted because of which Neanderthals DNA was transferred in the modern human being.

This report signifies that every person on this Earth has 1 or 4 percent of Neanderthals DNA in his body.

Scientists Sequenced A 45000-Year-Old Man’s Genome

October 23, 2014 By Rebecca McGhee Leave a Comment

The DNA of a 45000 year old bone of a Siberian man has been recently examined by the researchers to find out when human and Neanderthals first interbred. On record, this is an oldest genome sequence of Homo sapiens exposing a mysterious population that may once have spanned northern Asia. The study is published in the Nature journal.

The oldest human genome also revealed that the closest extinct relatives of the modern humans were the Neanderthals who lived in Europe and Asia and vanished around 40,000 years ago. The Neanderthals interbred with ancestors of modern humans when modern humans began spreading out of Africa and today 1.5 to 2.1 percent of the DNA of anyone living outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin, study reveals.

“It remains vague when interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans happened. But it probably ranged between 37000 to 86000 years ago,” researchers stated.

The researchers examined the bone (human left femur), discovered by Nikolai Peristov, an artist and mammoth ivory collector on the left bank of the river Irtysh near the settlement of Ust’-Ishim in western Siberia in 2008. The age of the man’s bone to be is about 45,000 years old, researchers stated.

Janet Kelso, co-author of the study and a computational biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, told Live Science, “This is the earliest directly dated modern human outside of Africa and the Middle East, and the oldest modern human [genome] to have been sequenced.”

Formerly, the researchers had proposed modern humans firstly populated Asia by traveling towards southern, coastal route that gave rise to the present-day people of Oceania, while a later, more northern migration, gave rise to mainland Asians. Kelson stated, “the researchers’ evidence for the modern human presence in Siberia 45,000 years ago specifies that the early modern humans were not just migrated to Eurasia through a southern route as previously suggested.”

The researchers further examined the carbon and nitrogen isotopes present in the man’s bone proposes that he ate C3 plants, which rule cooler, wetter, cloudier regions such as garlic, eggplants, pears, beans and wheat as well as animals that also dined on C3 plants. Though, the study analysis reveals that he might have eaten aquatic foods like fresh water fish.

The DNA analysis of mans’s bone revealed that the he was closely related to present-day Asians and to early Europeans. “From this we conclude that the population to which the Ust’-Ishim individual belonged diverged from the ancestors of present-day Europeans and Asians before, or at around the same time as, these groups diverged from one another,” Kelso said.

The researchers believed that 45,000 years old man carried a similar level of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians and the Neanderthal genes moved into the ancestors of this man 7,000 to 13,000 years before he lived.

The results of the study propose that modern humans and Neanderthals interbred around 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, “which is close to the time of the major expansion of modern humans out of Africa and the Middle East,” Kelso added.

DNA Reveals, Neanderthals & Modern Humans First Mated 50000 years ago

October 22, 2014 By Germaine Hicks 3 Comments

Recently, the researchers examined the DNA of a 45000 year old bone of a Siberian man in order to find out when human and Neanderthals first mated.

Though, the modern humans are the only humans surviving human ancestry, others once lived on Earth. The closest extinct relatives of the modern humans were the Neanderthals who lived in Europe and Asia and vanished around 40,000 years ago. According to the recent study, the Neanderthals mated with ancestors of modern humans when modern humans began spreading out of Africa and today 1.5% to 2.1% of the DNA of anyone living outside Africa is Neanderthal in origin.

The researchers said, “it remains vague when interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans happened. But it probably ranged between 37000 to 86000 years ago.”

In order to resolve this mystery, the researchers examined the shaft of a thighbone, which is discovered by Nikolai Peristov, an artist and mammoth ivory collector on the left bank of the river Irtysh near the settlement of Ust’-Ishim in western Siberia in 2008. The age of the man’s bone to be is about 45,000 years old, researchers stated.

In the past, the researchers had proposed modern humans firstly populated Asia by traveling towards southern, coastal route that gave rise to the present-day people of Oceania, while a later, more northern migration, gave rise to mainland Asians. Kelson stated, “the researchers’ evidence for the modern human presence in Siberia 45,000 years ago specifies that the early modern humans were not just migrated to Eurasia through a southern route as previously suggested.”

The bone’s genetic analysis revealed that the man was closely related to present-day Asians and to early Europeans. “From this we conclude that the population to which the Ust’-Ishim individual belonged diverged from the ancestors of present-day Europeans and Asians before, or at around the same time as, these groups diverged from one another,” Kelso said.

The Siberian man carried a similar level of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians and the Neanderthal genes moved into the ancestors of this man 7,000 to 13,000 years before he lived, researchers revealed.

The results of the study propose that modern humans and Neanderthals mated around 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, “which is close to the time of the major expansion of modern humans out of Africa and the Middle East,” Kelso said.

The study is published in the Nature journal.

Monarch Butterflies Migrated Long Distances Like Marathoners

October 2, 2014 By Jason Leathers Leave a Comment

Monarch butterflies can be found throughout the world, although only in North America they make a magnificent mass migration. The researcher have sequenced 90 butterfly genomes, and discovered that there is only one gene which is responsible for the capability of butterflies to migrate long distances like marathoners. The study findings propose that the monarch butterflies are evolved with more efficient muscles that help them to fly so far.

A recent genetic analysis published this week in the Nature journal stating that the intimates of the contemporary monarchs initially dispersed out North America, instead of central or South America, as formerly believed.

However, Marcus Kronforst, University of Chicago’s biologist confesses that he along with his fellow colleagues firstly discovered evolutionary proofs hard to accept. He stated in his interview with BBC News, “It really took lots of convincing,” though, the findings portray how genetics could elaborate the origins of a species’ traits on a level far more fundamental than, say, Rudyard Kipling’s “Just So Stories,” said the University of Exeter’s Richard H. ffrench-Constant.

H. ffrench-Constant (not involved in the project), stated in a Nature journal; “Butterflies are leading a revival in our understanding of the molecular basis of natural selection.”

Different patterns of alteration in genomes are analyzed by researchers to conclude that North American butterflies are nearby to their ancestral roots of evolutionary tree.

The researchers assumed that, the travelling Monarchs originated in Central or South America, and established themselves in North America. But the latest proof indicates that, the species got its start in Southern United States or Mexico, perhaps 1 million to 2 million years ago, said by Kronforst.

The butterflies most likely to followed a short range traveling pattern. The researchers says that, North American population began to expand about 20,000 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when butterflies could more readily spread on milkweed crowd plants in the American Midwest.

Coffee Plant Genome Sequence Study Reveals Secrets for Better Brew

September 5, 2014 By Jason Leathers Leave a Comment

The scientist has now disclosed the real fact about genome of the coffee in their latest reports. This surprising discovery belongs to American researchers in the field of nutrition. Coffee is a worldwide famous drink, because it has a unique taste and aroma. This report stated that“Coffee contains lots of magical key features, which gives benefits to the human health”.

Scientists also stated that coffee plant is a native plant found in Brazil forest. Those who frequently drink coffee decreases the chances of having a one of a rare liver disease – primary Schlesinger cholangitis (PSC). Besides the reality that coffee recovers blood circulation, it helps to handle with depression and relieves headaches.

However, the concentration of these acids in the traditional drink is so small that it be used as an effective tool in the prevention of diabetes, and protect you from any side effects of coffee.

This research solves any issues regarding excess weight and give quick results. Studies have shown that un-roasted coffee beans contain more chloroquine acid, which has an amazing antioxidant and fat burning properties than fried, speculate, can encourage weight loss by reducing the absorption of fats and glucose in the gut and reduced insulin levels to improve metabolic function.

The fat burning effect of coffee is recognized and famous in the health industry, but this weight loss properties were discovered not long ago. It assists the liver to absorb the fat body and decrease blood glucose level. This aids in reducing type 2 diabetes People who have used coffee beans does not need to adjust their eating habits, even though a healthy diet and normal exercise is vital for good health.

Usually it is understood that if the person take a reasonable amount per day, about 3 or 4 cups or 300-400 mg, it keeps the body active and vibrant. Although the coffee extract appears secure, but the consumption of excessive amount of coffee can cause insomnia and may increase the risk of heart disease, as it is to raise the level of the amino acid homocysteine, but this is very uncommon and it is dangerous for those who are allergic to coffee.

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